本文是英国留学生exam代考、论文代写范文：国际肥胖健康风险和政策，主要内容是以瑙鲁作为世界上肥胖率最高的国家作为研究对象，分析肥胖健康风险及其相关政策。
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位于南太平洋的世界上最小的独立共和国瑙鲁，它是世界上肥胖率最高的国家之一。大约71.1%的成年人被认为是肥胖。由于世卫组织将肥胖被定义为“异常或过度的脂肪堆积可能损害健康”。最重要的直接结果或副现象是心血管疾病（如中风），其中提到的是2012年死亡的主要原因。其他疾病包括糖尿病、肌肉骨骼疾病（如骨关节炎）、某种癌症和精神障碍。
如今，瑙鲁的肥胖可能是由于缺乏健康的环境，尤其是缺乏新鲜健康的食物和缺乏体力活动造成的。除此之外，还必须讨论前一时期的其他原因，这也可能是目前局势的原因。
1968独立后，瑙鲁曾经是世界上最富有的国家之一，由于其丰富的磷酸盐矿床，人均国内生产总值的比率很高。由于治理不善，例如资金管理不善，缺乏结构、经济和环境政策，瑙鲁最终破产了。今天，该国是一个低收入国家，其特点如下：
The world’s smallest independent Republic Nauru,which is located in the South Pacific Ocean,set a distressing record of being one of the countries with the highest obesity rates.About 71.1%adult of the population are considered to be obese(CIA 2014).Due to the WHO(2014),obesity is defined as“abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health”.The most important direct results or epiphenomena are cardiovascular diseases(e.g.stroke),which are mentioned by the WHO as the leading cause of death in 2012.Other ailments are diabetes,musculoskeletal disorders(e.g.osteoarthritis)some sort of cancer as well as mental disorders(WHO 2014).
Nowadays,obesity at Nauru may result from the lack of access to a healthy environment,especially lack of access to fresh and healthy food and lack of physical activity.Besides that,other reasons from previous periods have to be discussed shortly,which may also be responsible for the present situation.
After independence in 1968,Nauru used to be one of the richest countries in the world with high rates of GDP per capita due to its rich phosphate deposits.Due to bad governance,for instance the mismanagement of funds,lack of structural,economic and environmental policies,Nauru went bankrupt finally.Today,the republic is a low-income country and can be characterized by the following attributes:
Lack of established industries
Deteriorating capital plants
High unemployment rate of 90%due to estimations by the CIA of 2005(CIA 2014)
Destroyed landscape(90%of the land are deteriorated due to intensive phosphate mining)(CIA 2014)
High dependency on imports of almost all goods(food and other consumer goods)
High dependency from aid,especially from the donor Australia
In spite of all these health problems,Nauru lacks a good health care system and it cannot afford to create one because of its weak economic and social state.Now,Nauru lacks the capacities to deal with the most important health risk obesity on the one hand,which affects the majority of the country.On the other hand it can be estimated,that Nauru will not be able to create an environment for the community to prevent further progress of overweight and obesity within the next years.For that reason it can be stated,that the country will not be able to deal with the problem in a proper way in the short and in the intermediate term.
In the light of this,the paper would examine the present situations of Nauru healthcare and why the standard financing options won´t work while also falsifying already tested hypotheses about the effectiveness of standard financing options.
