学术exam代考、essay代写使用的材料多半来自书本、编入目录中的论文、其他纸本资料，以及电子与线上资料，本单元前几篇讨论了如何处理这些来源的讯息。但如果科学界同行、持续研究的历史学者，或有探讨发现的当代学者尚未将见解付诸笔墨呢？此时访谈技巧就能帮助探究资讯，此类资料同样也必须充分标注来源。
Hone your interview skills磨练访谈技巧
Much of the material utilized in an academic paper will come from books,cataloged papers,and other printed material,as well as from electronic and online sources.Handling of information from those sources has been addressed in previous tips.But what about the scientific peer,the working historian,or the discovered contemporary whose insights are not written down?This is where interviewing skills can elicit information—while giving full credit to the living source.
The recording of answers in an interview first of all has a mechanical dimension.The answers do not exist until the person being interviewed speaks.If they are not property recorded,they still do not exist.Therefore,it is important to test and properly operate a recording device before and during an interview.As a backup,it also is a good idea for the interviewer to take as many notes as possible without losing the thread of the conversation or treating the interviewee rudely.
首先，纪录受访者的答案涉及操作层面，受访对象开口前，答案并不存在，若访问没有适当纪录，答案依然不存在。因此，访谈前与访谈中，一定要测试录音器材能否正确运作。访谈者也可以作笔记，以备不时之需，但不能因为作笔记而影响谈话的思路，或对受访人不够礼貌。
In written notes,the assumption should be that all sentences or sentence parts are exact quotes.Quotes,paraphrases,and interviewer observations must be clearly denoted,perhaps using pens with different ink colors.Distinguishing among the notes is especially vital when a digital recording is not allowed.Memory should not be relied upon to make the notational distinctions.If a sloppy writer inadvertently steals verbal expression by calling it his own,he is a plagiarist.
手写笔记时，所有句子或片段都必须确实引用，清楚区别「引用」、「换句话说」或「访谈者观察」，可以分别用不同颜色的笔来记录。若无法以数位方式录音，区分笔记的不同内容便特别重要，而且区分不能依赖记忆。若作者太草率，误把受访者说的话当作自己说的，就会构成剽窃。
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