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The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) was conducted in 41 states and territories; it consisted of 8 questions based on the Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) [24,25]. It was modified from a self-report paper format to a format compatible to telephone interview in order to be used in the 2006 BRFSS. The responders were asked to answer the questions on what they had experienced about emotions or behaviors related to depression during the past two weeks (Appendix 1). The total score for the PHQ-8 ranged from 0 to 14, which also meant the total number of days for a responder that might have experienced emotions or behaviors.
In order to separate varying levels of depression, the CDC developed three algorithms (Appendix 2). The total number of days was converted to a point scale ranging from 0 to 3 (0 = “0 to 1 day”, 1 = “2 to 6 days”, 2 = “7 to 11 days”, and 3 = “12 to 14 days”) [26]. Depending on the algorithm used, the total points were used to determine whether the responders were depressed at the time they were interviewed.
问卷根据《精神疾病统计手册》第四版(DSM-IV)[24,25]，由8个问题组成。为了在2006年BRFSS中使用，我们将自我报告的格式修改为与电话面试兼容的格式。急救员被要求回答问题在他们经历过什么情绪或行为相关的抑郁在过去两周的总分(附录1)。phq-8范围从0到14,这也意味着天的响应者的总数可能经历的情感或行为。
人口特征
人口统计特征，包括年龄，性别，种族/民族，身高和体重，从参与者的自我报告中获得。根据BMI[体重(kg)/身高(m2)]定义肥胖，分为三组:非超重/肥胖(BMI<25);超重(25BMI<30);肥胖(BMI30)。以往的研究表明，自我报告的身高和体重与身体测量高度相关[27,28]，但自我报告往往低估体重，高估身高[28,29]，导致对超重和肥胖的估计较低。
Demographic characteristics, including age, sex, race/ ethnicity, height and weight, were obtained from the participants’ self-reports. Obesity was defined by BMI [weight (kg) / height2 (m2)] and was classified into three groups: non-overweight/ obese (BMI<25); overweight (25 BMI<30); obese (BMI 30). Previous studies indicated that self-reported height and weight were highly correlated with physical measurements [27,28], but self-reports tended to underestimate weight and overestimate height [28,29], resulting in lower estimates of overweight and obesity.
