铭信提供：留学生学术exam代考、论文代写、英语online exam/quiz代考、网课代考、essay代写、留学生代写、北美quiz代考、北美exam代考、考试代考、文科英语assignment代写、exam代考、英国exam代考、论文代写、文科online exam/quiz代考、网课代考、essay代写、美国经济学代考、代写、Turnitin查重、网课作业代写、网课代修、exam代考、、exam代考、网课托管、online exam代考、online exam代考、代考、exam代考、paper代写、留学生online exam/quiz代考、网课代考、essay代写、assignment代写、exam代考、report代写、留学生exam代考、论文代写、留学生代考、留学申请文书代写...
1.0 Introduction to the assignment作业介绍
如果项目要满意技术功能标准的要求，和/或其功能能够到达预期的意图，并且如果最高单位的关键人物，关键人物的所有者，作为项目团队的关键人物和项意图关键用户，以及客户的项目服务，则O该项意图产出成果具有较高的满意度，能够认为该项目是完全成功的。在合同中，项意图最终交给成果不能满意其预期的功能、本钱、时间和范围。该项目被定义为失利。因而，本文将对花园桥项意图项目管理绩效进行分析。
If the project is to meet the requirements of the technical performance specification, and/or its performance can meet the expected purpose, and if the top unit key figures, owner of the key figures, as key to the project team and key users of the project, and project service by the customer, the output results of the project have higher satisfaction, the project can be considered to be completely successful. On the contract, the final delivery result of a project cannot meet its expected performance, cost, time, and scope. The project is defined as failure. Therefore, this assignment would like to analysis the project management performance of the Garden Bridge Project.
2.0 Background to the project 项目布景
这项由英国修建师托马斯·赫茨威克设计的雄心勃勃的项目于2013年首次被宣告为伦敦交通设计大赛的冠军。前期的支撑者认为，这座桥将有一个旅游业，并作为一个有用的步行基础设施，批评者认为，这座城市现已被许多桥梁连接起来，是一个“虚荣工程”。虽然2014年同意了规划，但通货膨胀本钱和采购合法性问题导致进一步失掉大众和官方支撑。花园桥将是一个独特的地方，一个美丽的新绿洲在伦敦市中心，向大众开放，免费运用，展示英国最优秀的人才和创新。
The ambitious project, designed by British architect Thomas herzwick, was first announced in 2013 as the winner of the London transport design competition. Early supporters believe that the bridge will have a tourism industry, and serves as a useful pedestrian infrastructure, critics argue that the city has been many Bridges connected region, it is a "vanity project". Although planning approval was accepted in 2014, the cost of inflation and the issue of procurement legitimacy led to further loss of public and official support. The garden bridge will be a unique place, a beautiful new green space in central London, open to the public and free to use, to showcase Britain's best talent and innovation.
伦敦备受争议的托马斯花园桥项目现已得到解决，花园桥信托公司宣告了一项正式的“项目停止令”，在失掉大众和伦敦市长Sadiq Khan的支撑之后。咱们很遗憾，咱们未能实现花园桥的梦想，市长也不会像当初那样持续支撑咱们。“由于修建本钱和潜在的维护本钱，可汗今年早些时候正式撤回了对该项意图支撑。报告说这个项目花费了3700万英镑。
London's controversial Thomas garden bridge project has been settled, with the garden bridge trust announcing a formal "project termination order" after losing support from the public and the mayor of London, Sadiq Khan. "We are very sorry that we failed to achieve the dream of the garden bridge, and the mayor will not continue to support us as we did in the first place." Khan formally withdrew his support for the project earlier this year because of soaring construction costs and potential maintenance costs. The report says the project has cost 37 million pounds.
The key issues are arising from the project of the Garden Bridge Project are also discussed in the respective of the project management .
3.0 Overview of the key issues
1. Construction cost management issues
In view of the construction cost management and control is an important part of the bridge engineering management, only for each construction link strict cost control, to make the construction cost management benefit is highlighted, and for other construction management and construction process of subsequent create favorable conditions, and be able to make the bridge and the economic benefits of construction unit received a significant boost, so the construction unit or the real estate unit, all should attach importance to the management of the engineering construction cost, increase the intensity of the construction cost management, ensure the timely and effective way to solve the construction cost management problems, and promote the sustainable development of bridge engineering industry (Dickson & Whitehurst, 2016）.
2. Moral hazard or bad behavior.
When the traditional project management mode is adopted, the cooperation basis of the participants in the project is the mutual supervision and restraint mechanism in the contract and implementation process （TICKLES, YADONG, & WALTERS, 2013）. However, under the condition of individual rationality as the premise of the project participation, it is still difficult for the project participants to use the information advantage to seek more benefits for themselves despite the rigid contractual constraints. The conflict of interest between the project participants makes the agreed project objectives of the project participants in the bidding phase be set aside during the implementation phase of the project. Although the supervision and constraint mechanism of the project implementation process can alleviate the cheating behavior of the project participants using information superiority, it cannot avoid the cheating behavior between the project participants.
3. Information construction of project participants.
In the process of project construction, the owner, supervision engineer, the contractor needs to comprehensive and accurate grasp of the indicators in the engineering construction project of the control condition, medium information such as measurement and payment, the engineering quality. However, the information communication mode of most projects is still mainly based on manual report. As the owner and government department, the project information is usually communicated through the monthly report and quarterly report (Garrety, et.,al, 2016). Unable to understand the project quality, project cost and progress control information in real time, the control mode can only be handled afterwards. This not only reduces the supervision and control ability of the project department to the project department, but also increases the information transfer cost of the project, hindering the coordination and communication between the participating parties of the project. It increases the likelihood that the problem will be magnified, and in serious cases it may even affect the delivery results of the project.
4.0 Project Management Practice
4.1
o Define the concept would apply
The standard of project success should not only consider whether the project meets the triple constraints of investment, schedule and quality, but should be the satisfaction of the focus of the project. Because the project is not success may be due to the owner deliberately low price or the contract as the distorting the initial investment, schedule and performance goals too optimistic, the project manager didn't want to achieve these goals (He, 2014). In addition, in order to obtain the project investment, the initial investment demand is minimized, because money into "sunk cost", when the cost performance is rising, may obtain further investment; Conversely, if a real cost estimate is made during the funding phase, the project will not be successful, especially in non-profit projects. Is mainly due to the nonprofit investors mainly government departments, the pressure of the servicing of users don't have money, the implementation of the project to reflect "record" instead, seek the benefits of the economic interests of the individual, even so it is easy to cause the application of the construction of the project units and underestimate the competition for limited project money project investment cost (GRECU & GRIGORE, 2013).
In feasibility study stage of the project project owner individual rational choice results are usually low concern for the project of the external environment, the scope of the project is not clear, the feasibility study is usually for the study of the feasibility study and project design phase of the work, the design task entrusted to get design competition, the general design of the cost of high and low is not the owner choose design units and designers, the main factors decisive role is to design quality, design progress speed and credibility from the designing units (Uppal, 2008). The competition f method mainly includes design competition and agreement review. Through the design competition, the owner compares the different design documents and chooses the satisfactory results. The owner may choose to sign the design contract with the winning unit or other unit and carry out the deepening design. Contract review is usually first to owner by the specialized agencies and industry association recommend qualified designers or design firm, then the owner's invitation to design units, design units submitted reports as required, the landlord in advance in accordance with the contract of grading rules for the design unit assessment rankings, owner and discuss the design of the top unit, if agree to sign a written agreement, otherwise with the second ranked negotiations and signing, until satisfied, because the owner knows that design the relationship between quality and project investment control (Gonzalez, 2012).
Identify the benefits that this would have offered to the Garden Bridge Project
