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ia's dependence on the West Asian oil supplies. However, many experts believe that Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are not likely to ease up their energy-export advantage due to their geo-political disadvantage[80]
Presidential Visit to Tajikistan and Russia. New Delhi has been active in joint oil exploration and having its stakes in energy producing region. The recent visit by the Mrs Pratibha Patil to Russia and Tajikistan from2nd to the 8th September, 2009 was not only meant to enhance goodwill, trust and mutual confidence but also to explore the opportunities related to economic cooperation and energy security. The President was accompanied by the Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Murli Deora and other high-level delegation.[81]
TAPI. On 25 April 2008, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India (TAPI) signed a Gas Pipeline Framework Agreement, committing to the construction of an ambitious 1,680km-long pipeline to transport 30 billion cubic meters of natural gas every year by 2015, at a cost of US$7.6 billion. TAPI is vital to sustain India's growth momentum while the fragile and cash-strapped Afghan government hopes to earn US$160 million in annual transit fees and inject some life into its economy. Meanwhile, the US appeared to be inching closer to achieving its implicit goals of keeping Iran isolated by pushing the rival Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) pipeline onto the backburner and encouraging a diversification of Central Asia's energy markets and thus also undermining the Russian hegemony over the region's energy sources. [82] During the visit of External Affairs Minister to Turkmenistan the proposed Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) project was discussed during meetings Mr. S M Krishna had with Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, as part of deliberations to enhance cooperation between India and Turkmenistan in hydrocarbon sector. The pipeline would carry Turkmen gas through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India, with all three countries drawing supplies proportionate to their needs.[83] This pipeline would be passing through taliban dominated territories in Afghanistan and Pakistan and would be a lucrative target.[84](Refer Map4)
Obstacles to IPI. Washington opposes India, Pakistan and Iran's 2,700-kilometer IPI pipeline that is likely to transfer Iranian natural gas from its South Pars field to India via Pakistan. However, India hasn't agreed to join the project. At the same time New Delhi would like Washington's involvement in the project for the smooth supply of gas to India by exerting pressure on Pakistan if need be. Iran is now working towards extending the project to China instead of India due to delays in finalising modalities and the fluctuating relations and mutual suspicion between India and Pakistan.[85]
Exploiting Hdyro- Electricity Potential. Export of electricity to India has also been under discussion. Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have developed only a relatively low percentage of their potential hydro- electricity generating capacity. Their period of surplus production is in the summer, typically a time of unmet demand in northern India. Moving electricity to India would require a substantial investment in new dams and generating plants, as well as new transmission lines going through Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the security problems with our hostile neighbours[86].
